{"id":1439,"date":"2021-03-25T16:03:46","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T15:03:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kilimoproject.itk.fr\/?page_id=1439"},"modified":"2021-04-27T17:43:13","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T15:43:13","slug":"le-cycle-du-carbone","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kilimoproject.itk.fr\/fr\/le-cycle-du-carbone\/","title":{"rendered":"Le cycle du carbone"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group section-hero section-hero-carbon-cycle has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eceff1\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-le-stockage-du-carbone-un-levier-contre-le-changement-climatique\">Le stockage du carbone : un levier contre le changement climatique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Le sol est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment central du syst\u00e8me climatique terrestre. D\u2019apr\u00e8s le GIEC (Groupement Intergouvernemental des Experts du Climat), il est \u00e0 l\u2019origine du captage de <strong>30% des \u00e9missions de CO<sub>2<\/sub> anthropique entre 1750 et 2011<\/strong> d\u2019o\u00f9 son nom de \u00ab&nbsp;puits terrestre&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#263238\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color\">Depuis le milieu du 20<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, les efforts du secteur agricole se sont concentr\u00e9s sur l\u2019augmentation de la production dans le but d\u2019assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Dans le m\u00eame temps, le changement d\u2019utilisation du sol, le travail du sol, l\u2019apport d\u2019engrais de synth\u00e8se au d\u00e9triment des formes carbon\u00e9es et la simplification des rotations culturales ont <strong>ralenti la capacit\u00e9 du sol \u00e0 stocker du carbone<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Le projet KILIMO vise \u00e0 montrer<strong> <\/strong>que, <strong>gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019agri-intelligence<\/strong>, l\u2019agriculture et en particulier les sols agricoles, <strong>peuvent jouer un r\u00f4le crucial pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et contre le changement climatique.<\/strong> En ce sens, ITK est membre de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.4p1000.org\/fr\">l\u2019initiative 4p1000<\/a>, lanc\u00e9e par la France le 1<sup>er<\/sup> d\u00e9cembre 2015 lors de la COP21. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A l\u2019aide d\u2019une mod\u00e9lisation complexe des syst\u00e8mes agricoles, I<strong>TK s\u2019engage \u00e0 faire conna\u00eetre et proposer des actions concr\u00e8tes<\/strong> <strong>sur le stockage du carbone<\/strong> dans les sols Kenyans et le type de pratiques pour y parvenir&nbsp;: <strong>rotations culturales, travail du sol, apports de mati\u00e8res organiques carbon\u00e9e d\u2019origine animale ou v\u00e9g\u00e9tale etc.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group carbon-cycle has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-la-simulation-du-cycle-du-carbone\">La simulation du cycle du carbone<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color\">Le cycle du carbone est un cycle biog\u00e9ochimique d\u00e9crivant la succession des modifications subies par les mol\u00e9cules carbon\u00e9es. Il fait intervenir de <strong>nombreux compartiments<\/strong> aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s biochimiques variables (air, sol, plantes et micro-organismes) ce qui le rend <strong>difficile \u00e0 appr\u00e9hender<\/strong>. Cette complexit\u00e9 est accentu\u00e9e par les diverses interventions humaines (labour, r\u00e9sidus de culture, type de fertilisation notamment) et les conditions p\u00e9doclimatiques qui impactent ces r\u00e9actions chimiques. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color\">Le passage par la mod\u00e9lisation est essentiel afin d\u2019<strong>appr\u00e9hender la complexit\u00e9 du cycle du carbone<\/strong>. Chez itk, la mod\u00e9lisation du cycle du carbone est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e au <strong>pas de temps journalier<\/strong>. Le mod\u00e8le est construit \u00e0 partir de formalismes math\u00e9matiques issus de la bibliographie scientifique. <a>Il int\u00e8gre les processus biochimiques les plus pertinents pour rendre compte des \u00e9changes de mati\u00e8re au sein des diff\u00e9rents compartiments du syst\u00e8me air-sol-plantes-microorganismes.<\/a> Ainsi, la <strong>simulation de pratiques culturales alternatives<\/strong> permet de comprendre les r\u00e9percussions sur l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e9actions du cycle du carbone \u00e0 court et moyen terme. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vers-un-quilibre-intelligent-entre-production-et-sant-du-sol\">Vers un \u00e9quilibre intelligent entre production et sant\u00e9 du sol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019ambition d\u2019itk est d\u2019inciter les acteurs \u00e0 s\u2019engager dans <strong>la transition vers une agriculture productive<\/strong>, fond\u00e9e sur une gestion adapt\u00e9e des sols et des pratiques agricoles, tout en \u00e9tant porteuse de <strong>solutions pour le d\u00e9veloppement durable et la lutte contre le changement climatique<\/strong>. Ces pratiques agricoles doivent \u00eatre respectueuses de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols, de leurs r\u00e9tentions en eau, de leurs r\u00e9sistances \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion et de leurs biodiversit\u00e9s afin que les sols ne soient plus un support mais plut\u00f4t <strong>une source de fertilit\u00e9 <\/strong>dont la culture doit tirer parti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La mod\u00e9lisation joue un r\u00f4le central dans l\u2019exploration de ces nouveaux itin\u00e9raires techniques. Elle permet d\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter de fa\u00e7on virtuelle l\u2019int\u00e9gration des pratiques et d\u2019observer l\u2019impact des pratiques, du climat et de la culture sur le stockage du carbone dans le sol et le rendement (et par cons\u00e9quent, la faisabilit\u00e9 technique). Cette <strong>double comp\u00e9tence<\/strong>, c\u0153ur des mod\u00e8les d\u2019itk, est mise au service de l\u2019agriculture kenyane. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le stockage du carbone : un levier contre le changement climatique Le sol est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment central du syst\u00e8me climatique terrestre. D\u2019apr\u00e8s le GIEC (Groupement Intergouvernemental des Experts du Climat), il est \u00e0 l\u2019origine du captage de 30% des \u00e9missions de CO2 anthropique entre 1750 et 2011 d\u2019o\u00f9 son nom de \u00ab&nbsp;puits terrestre&nbsp;\u00bb. Depuis le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1439","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le cycle du carbone - KILIMO PROJECT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kilimoproject.itk.fr\/fr\/le-cycle-du-carbone\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le cycle du carbone - KILIMO PROJECT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le stockage du carbone : un levier contre le changement climatique Le sol est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment central du syst\u00e8me climatique terrestre. 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